Offshore wind energy is expanding rapidly as part of the current shift to net zero. Yet structural fatigue,
especially in tubular joints of jacket foundations, remains a constraint on lifecycle efficiency. Academic
advances such as time-domain fatigue simulation, improved S-N curves, and reinforcement techniques,
including full grouting and fibre-reinforced polymer wrapping, have improved fatigue understanding.
However, these developments are seldom reflected in industrial design standards. This review examines
the gap between academic research and industrial practice across three dimensions: methodological,
regulatory, and sustainability interconnectedness. It compares fatigue assessments, reviews
reinforcement studies, and evaluates how current standards incorporate fatigue science. Findings show
that conservative parameters and certification inertia contribute to structural overdesign, excess steel
use, and higher embodied carbon. Bridging these gaps requires stronger collaboration among academia,
industry, and regulators to validate fatigue models under real conditions and integrate advanced joint
technologies into design frameworks, enabling offshore wind systems that are both fatigue resilient and
low carbon.